The Social Security debate boils down to one key question: can the current system handle the retirement of the baby boomers—the nearly 77 million Americans born from 1946 through 1964—and still be in good shape for the generations that follow?
Today the system is taking in more than it spends. If nothing is done in the meantime, that situation will be reversed around 2018—some 10 years after the oldest boomers turn 62 (the age of first eligibility for benefits).
Although estimates vary, Social Security should have sufficient funds to pay full benefits until sometime between 2042 and 2052. But rather than cash in the bonds held by the system’s trust funds—which would require the government to raise taxes, borrow money or cut budgets because lawmakers have been tapping the funds to cover other expenses—many experts agree that it would be better to take steps soon to keep the system solvent.